The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has previously reported the costs of diabetes in the U.S. for the years , , and The analysis also indicates that, after adjusting for inflation, costs have increased since due to both an 11% increased prevalence of diabetes and a 13% increase of the cost per person with diabetes 1 day ago · Case study of taj mahal pdf Type diabetes paper 2 research mellitus. Company case study in hindi Opinion argument essay structure openings for personal essay mla research paper with subheadings, why should i be accepted into clinicals essay essay on my best friend for grade 2. Debt crisis case study muet essay writing test guide & tips Note for people with Extra Help. If you get full Extra Help, your set copayment for insulin is lower than the $35 copayment for a month's supply under the Senior Savings blogger.com you get partial Extra Help, you may pay up to a $9 2 deductible and 15% coinsurance, which may be higher or lower than the $35 copayment under the model. Contact MEDICARE if you need help checking the level of
Epidemiology of Mucormycosis in India
Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals 28, Marshalls Road, Egmore ChennaiTamil Nadu, India moc. lnsv nardnahcamar. Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disease, affecting people of all geographic, ethnic or racial origin and its prevalence is increasing globally 1.
Burden from this costly disease paper on diabetes high on the low and middle income paper on diabetes LMIC where the impacts of modernization and urbanization have caused marked adverse changes in lifestyle parameters. Inpaper on diabetes, of the estimated million people with diabetes globally, more than 80 per cent lived in LMIC. It was estimated that India had This number is predicted to increase to paper on diabetes by unless steps are taken to prevent new cases of diabetes 1.
Primary prevention of diabetes is feasible and strategies such as lifestyle modification are shown to be effective in populations of varied ethnicity 2paper on diabetes, 3. However, for implementation of the strategies at the population level, national programmes which are culturally and socially acceptable and practical have to be formulated which are currently lacking in most of the developed and developing countries. Early diagnosis and paper on diabetes of appropriate therapeutic measures yield the desired glycaemic outcomes and prevent the vascular complications 4.
Type 2 diabetes which accounts for per cent of all diabetes has a latent, paper on diabetes, asymptomatic period of sub-clinical stages which often remains undiagnosed for several years 1. As a result, in many patients the vascular complications are already present at the time of diagnosis of diabetes, which is often detected by an opportunistic testing. Asian populations in general, paper on diabetes Asian Indians have a high risk of developing diabetes at a younger age when compared with the western populations 5.
Therefore, it is essential that efforts are made to diagnose diabetes early so that the long term sufferings by the patients and the societal burden can be considerably mitigated, paper on diabetes. Many studies have shown that awareness about the diabetes and its complications is poor among the general population specially in the rural areas 67. There is an urgent need to create awareness among the population regarding diabetes and about the serious consequences of this chronic disorder.
Epidemiological data from India have shown the presence of a number of risk factors which can be easily identified by simple non-invasive risk scores 89. The major risk factors are listed in Box 1. The signs and symptoms of diabetes are disregarded by many because of the paper on diabetes progression of the disease, paper on diabetes. People do not consider this as a paper on diabetes problem because unlike many other diseases paper on diabetes consequences of hyperglycaemia are not manifested immediately.
People are not aware that damage can start several years before symptoms become noticeable. This is unfortunate because recognition of early symptoms can help to get the disease under control immediately and to prevent vascular complications. Considering the asymptomatic nature of type 2 diabetes in the early stages, it is essential that the people are educated on its warning signs Box 2.
The classic symptoms of diabetes such as polyuria, paper on diabetes, polydypsia and polyphagia occur commonly in type 1 diabetes, which has a rapid development of severe hyperglycaemia and also in type 2 diabetes with very high levels of hyperglycaemia. Severe weight loss is common only in type 1 diabetes or if type 2 diabetes remains undetected for a long period.
Unexplained weight loss, fatigue and restlessness and body pain are also common signs of undetected diabetes. Symptoms that are mild or have gradual development could also remain unnoticed. A person of Asian origin aged 35 yr or more with two or more of the above risk factors, should undergo a screening test for diabetes. An oral glucose tolerance test OGTT is commonly used as the screening test Presence of pre-diabetes is indicated by HbA 1 c values between 5.
Screening for undiagnosed T2DM is recommended at the first prenatal visit in women with above risk factors, using standard diagnostic method criteria. Screening for gestational diabetes GDM at wk of gestation is recommended in women who do not have previous history of diabetes, as GDM remains asymptomatic A history of GDM carries a high risk for developing diabetes.
Even prediabetic stages such as IFG and IGT carry high risk for vascular complications such as cardiovascular diseases. The recent estimates by the International Diabetes Federation IDF 1 indicate that globally there are more than million people 6.
Among them, more than 70 per cent live in LMIC 1. Some persons with prediabetes experience reactive hypoglycaemia hours after a meal. This is a sign of impaired insulin metabolism indicative of impending occurrence of diabetes.
Therefore, periodic medical check-up in people with such signs or risk factors for diabetes would reduce the hazards involved in having undiagnosed diabetes. It would help improve the health status of a large number of people who otherwise would be silent sufferers from the metabolic aberrations associated with diabetes. Awareness about the signs and symptoms and periodic screening especially paper on diabetes the presence of risk factors and warning signs of diabetes, would go a long way in preventing new cases of diabetes by providing an opportunity to intervene at the stage of prediabetes.
It is evident that diabetes can be prevented among prediabetic individuals by improvements in physical activity and diet habits. Such strategies will also prevent development of diabetic complications to a great extent.
Patient empowerment is vital in diabetes management. This can be done through patient education and sharing information on management and preventive aspects of diabetes. National Center for Biotechnology InformationU. National Library of Medicine Rockville PikeBethesda MDUSA. NCBI Skip to main content Skip to navigation Resources How To About NCBI Accesskeys My NCBI Sign in to NCBI Sign Paper on diabetes. PMC US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, paper on diabetes.
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Journal List Indian J Med Res v. Indian J Med Res. PMCID: PMC lnsv nardnahcamar Find articles by A. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. This editorial is published on the occasion of World Diabetes Day — November 14, paper on diabetes, Copyright : © Indian Journal of Medical Research.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3, paper on diabetes. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
Risk factors for diabetes Many studies have shown that awareness about the diabetes and its complications paper on diabetes poor among the general population specially in the rural areas 67.
Box 1 Major risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Indians. Open in a separate window. Signs and symptoms of diabetes The signs and symptoms of diabetes are disregarded by many because of the chronic progression of the disease. Box 2 Warning signs of diabetes. Screening test for diabetes A person of Asian origin aged 35 yr or more with two or more of the above risk factors, should undergo a screening test for diabetes. Significance of identifying prediabetes Even prediabetic stages such as IFG and IGT carry high risk for vascular complications such as cardiovascular diseases.
Conclusions Awareness about the signs and symptoms and periodic screening especially in the presence of risk factors and warning signs of diabetes, paper on diabetes, would go a long way in preventing new cases of diabetes by providing an opportunity to intervene at the stage of paper on diabetes. References 1. IDF Diabetes Atlas.
International Diabetes Federation. Available from: www. Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Shaw J. International Diabetes Federation: a consensus on type 2 diabetes prevention.
Diabet Med. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha A, Samith Shetty A, Nanditha A. Primary prevention of type 2 diabetes in South Asians-challenges and the way forward. Abdul-Ghani MA, DeFronzo RA, paper on diabetes. Pathophysiology of prediabetes. Curr Diab Rep. Ramachandran A, paper on diabetes, Ma RC, Snehalatha C. Diabetes in Asia. Murugesan N, Snehalatha C, Shobhana R, Roglic G, Ramachandran A. Awareness about diabetes and its complications in the general and diabetic population in a city in southern India.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Mohan D, Raj D, Shanthirani CS, Datta M, Unwin NC, Kapur A, et al. Awareness and knowledge of diabetes in Chennai - the Chennai urban rural epidemiology study CURES-9 J Assoc Physicians India. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Vijay V, Wareham NJ, Colagiuri S. Derivation and validation of diabetes risk score for urban Paper on diabetes Indians.
Mohan V, Anbalagan VP. Expanding role of the Madras Diabetes Research Paper on diabetes - Indian Diabetes Risk Score in clinical practice. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. World Health Oorganization, paper on diabetes. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.
Geneva: World Health Oorganization; Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Report of a WHOo Consultation.
American Diabetes Association.
Researchers Move One Step Closer to Curing Diabetes
, time: 1:42Type 2 diabetes mellitus research paper
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has previously reported the costs of diabetes in the U.S. for the years , , and The analysis also indicates that, after adjusting for inflation, costs have increased since due to both an 11% increased prevalence of diabetes and a 13% increase of the cost per person with diabetes 1 day ago · Case study of taj mahal pdf Type diabetes paper 2 research mellitus. Company case study in hindi Opinion argument essay structure openings for personal essay mla research paper with subheadings, why should i be accepted into clinicals essay essay on my best friend for grade 2. Debt crisis case study muet essay writing test guide & tips Diabetes mellitus is the most common risk factor, followed by haematological malignancy and solid-organ transplant. Patients with postpulmonary tuberculosis and chronic kidney disease are at additional risk of developing mucormycosis in this country. Trauma is a risk factor for cutaneous mucormycosis
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