Marxism essay Karl Marx ( – ) is a German philosopher, sociologist, economist, political journalist and social activist. His work has shaped the philosophy of dialectical and historical materialism; he formed the theory of surplus value in economics, and the theory of This essay will discuss the history of Marxism, how it was created and the positive and negative outcomes of Marxism. It will highlight key factures and issues regarding Marxism and how it was intended to be used when created. The term Marxism can be defined as Central to Marxist theory is an explanation of social change in terms of economic Marx and his co-author, Friedrich Engels, wrote in the Communist Manifesto () that “the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle.” Marxism itself is a philosophy born out of the contradiction within the modern economic system called capitalism. Without capitalism, there would have been no blogger.comted Reading Time: 7 mins
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Download Free PDF, marxism essay. Essay On Marxism. Stanley I Obika. Download PDF Download Full PDF Package This paper. A short summary of this paper. Download PDF. Download Full PDF Package. Translate PDF. It is a fusion of German philosophy, mainly the dialectics of Hegel, French socialism, marxism essay, and British political economy. This combination makes Marxism unique among other philosophies in history.
The fusion itself did not happen quickly out in a thin air. It is revolutionary because it is dialectic, and marxism essay born out of his involvement of the class struggles happening at that time in Europe. Karl Marx was born in May 5th,into a middle class Jewish family in Trier, Germany. His father, a respectable lawyer, later converted to Christianity for security reasons. At 17, Marx enrolled in the University of Bonn to study law. There he met his future wife Jenny Von Westphalen, whose father had interested him in romantic literature and in the utopian socialism of Saint-Simon.
The next year, his father sent him to the University of Berlin. He abandoned his pursuit on romantic poetry and began focusing on the philosophy of G. Hegel, the most influential thinker in Berlin at that time.
Marx became involved with the intellectuals who called themselves the Young Hegelians. The Hegelians were not a unified group but composed of two competing tendencies, the Left and Right Hegelians.
As a process of two contradictory elements in a union, the dialectics is, also viewed as the unity of the opposites. Hegel suggested that history is marxism essay contradictory progression of ideas passing through different stages, which would finally arrive at the truth, or the Absolute Idea.
The Absolute Idea is his other word for God. To put the dialectics back on its feet, Marx argued that to understand the real driving force of history, marxism essay, one has to look critically at society, the world, marxism essay, nature, and the universe.
By using the scientific method, critical analysis will lead to better understanding of the world. According to Marx, humans, in their drive for survival have to meet their basic needs first before everything else, before they could practice religion, marxism essay, culture, and etc…To meet their material needs is to produce.
Thus, production is the driving force of history. Without capitalism, there would have been no Marxism. Capitalism was born in Europe in the 18th and 19th century out of the revolutionary struggles of the new emerging class, the bourgeoisie. Before their rise, the Church dominated politics, economics, marxism essay, and religion, marxism essay, ruling the continent by feudalism. Under feudalism, production was labored by the peasants ruled by the landlords and the clergy.
However, in a few centuries in what historians call the Medieval Period, marxism essay, a class of small merchants had laid out the networks of the rising economy called mercantilism, marxism essay.
They were considered as social outcasts by the landlords who held the Catholic moral or prejudicemarxism essay, believing that getting rich by selling or lending money with interest was very sinful. The marxism essay, however, were too proud to admit their appreciation of the goods delivered from afar by the merchants. The growth of small market economies gave accidental results along the process, like technological advances, for example.
Their trading centers grew from small towns into big medieval cities called burghs, where the French word, bourgeois or city dweller came from. Feudalism, did not have total marxism essay control over society that it ruled, marxism essay. The Church itself was shook by schisms and the movement called Protestantism led by Martin Luther. They finally found a kind of Christianity that suited well with their economic interest. The highly cultural period called the Renaissance, also, gave encouragement to a generation of freethinkers.
A couple of centuries later came the dawn of the Enlightenment, or the Age of Reason. Using Marxist dialectical analysis on this period of history, feudal Europe under the Catholic Church was the thesis, marxism essay. It was ridden with contradictions within i. its undemocratic and marxism essay oppressive rule on the majority that resulted into crises.
The anti-thesis was growing power of the merchants that eventually challenged the church and the nobility. Feudalism, a backward system compared to the rising capitalism became futile in the face of technological advances favoring the marxism essay. Its armed hostility to science and reason during the Inquisition would eventually backfire in the irony of history.
Spain may had all the gold plundered from her colonies, but England had the Industrial Revolution. In military warfare, the Spanish galleons were no match to the English steam-powered battleships. French feudalism embodied in the absolute monarchy of Louis XIV was ignorant of its coming downfall, marxism essay. Louis XVI paid the price, literally, with his head when it was negated by the guillotine.
With its economic power, the revolutionary bourgeoisie eventually became the political masters of the situation, issuing the historical Declaration of the Rights of Man. The modern institution of democracy had sown the seeds of socialism inside the womb of capitalism. Marxism was only possible when the political, philosophical, and economic ground in Europe became favorable now to the bourgeoisie.
It took the politics of the French socialists but rejected their utopianism. It applied the dialectics of Hegel in analyzing the changing society but without his idealism and mysticism. His thorough research about capitalism in the London library during his exile made it possible to complete the book, Das Kapitalan in depth dialectical analysis on capitalism.
Marx saw capitalism as the most dynamic system throughout history. It has dominated the world within just three centuries. The endless drive for profit constantly revolutionizes technology. Capitalism has created vast wealth but also enormous poverty, a kind of crisis very peculiar from the rest of the crises in history. Too many cars on sale, but too many who can not afford to buy them. Too much food stuffs in the grocery and the marketplace, letting the unsold goods to rot, while there are too many hungry and malnourished people.
Capitalism, that has created vast inequality and modern social conflicts, will never be exempted from the laws of Hegelian dialectics. Because the corporate system is alive and dynamic, it is subject to contradictions. And contradictions lead to revolutionary situations. Optimistically, Marx already saw its agents of negation. He advocated for the workers of the world to unite, to redistribute the wealth that they have created in the first place, marxism essay, and create a more humane system based on human need not corporate greed.
Once the working class achieve complete victory over capital, humanity will then reach the end of history. His revolutionary ideas written years ago still remains relevant today more than ever to fight marxism essay a just society.
In one way marxism essay another, all official and liberal science defends wage-slavery, marxism essay, whereas Marxism has declared relentless war on that slavery. But this is not all. On the contrary, the genius of Marx consists precisely in his having furnished answers to questions already raised by the foremost minds of mankind, marxism essay.
The Marxist doctrine is omnipotent because it is true. It is comprehensive and harmonious, and provides men with an integral world outlook irreconcilable with any form of superstition, reaction, or defence of bourgeois oppression. It is the legitimate successor to the best that man produced in the nineteenth century, as represented by German philosophy, English political economy and Marxism essay socialism. It is these three sources of Marxism, which are also its component parts that we shall outline in brief.
I The philosophy of Marxism is materialism, marxism essay. Throughout the modern history of Europe, and especially at the end of the eighteenth century in France, where a resolute struggle was conducted against every kind of medieval rubbish, against serfdom in marxism essay and ideas, materialism has proved to be the only philosophy that is consistent, true to all the teachings of natural science and hostile to superstition, marxism essay and so forth, marxism essay.
Marx and Engels defended philosophical materialism in the most determined manner and repeatedly explained how profoundly erroneous is every deviation from this basis.
Their views are most clearly and fully expounded in the works of Engels, Ludwig Feuerbach and Anti- Dühring, which, like the Communist Manifesto, are handbooks for every class-conscious worker.
The marxism essay achievement was dialectics, i. Marx deepened and developed philosophical materialism to the full, marxism essay, and extended the cognition of nature to include the cognition of human society. His historical materialism was a great achievement in scientific thinking.
The chaos and arbitrariness that had previously reigned in views on history and politics were replaced by a strikingly integral and harmonious marxism essay theory, which shows how, in consequence of the growth of productive forces, out of one system of social life another and higher system develops—how capitalism, for instance, grows out of feudalism. Political institutions are a superstructure on the economic foundation.
We see, for example, that the various political forms of the modern European states serve to strengthen the domination of the bourgeoisie over the proletariat. II Having recognized that the economic system is the foundation on which the political superstructure is erected, Marx devoted his greatest attention to the study of this economic system.
Classical political economy, before Marx, evolved in England, marxism essay, the most developed of marxism essay capitalist countries.
Introduction to Marxist Literary Theory
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Marx and his co-author, Friedrich Engels, wrote in the Communist Manifesto () that “the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle.” Marxism itself is a philosophy born out of the contradiction within the modern economic system called capitalism. Without capitalism, there would have been no blogger.comted Reading Time: 7 mins This essay will discuss the history of Marxism, how it was created and the positive and negative outcomes of Marxism. It will highlight key factures and issues regarding Marxism and how it was intended to be used when created. The term Marxism can be defined as Central to Marxist theory is an explanation of social change in terms of economic In Marxism, Karl Marx intended that the industrialist Bourgeoisie, upper class, hardheartedly misused the Proletariats, which were known as the lower class. Marx made a point that the work completed by the Proletariats made awesome riches for the Bourgeoisie. The items made the in production line were sold for more than the estimation of the [ ]
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